Why Electric Vehicles Still Need Lead Acid Batteries

The demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid vehicles is increasing worldwide.  While these vehicles have revolutionised the automotive industry, some may find it surprising to learn that most still rely on traditional 12V lead acid batteries which have been around for over 165 years. EVs use large lithium batteries to power the motors that drive the wheels. However, the vehicle operation and control, including the critical safety systems, are all powered by the 12V circuit. Making the 12V lead acid battery an integral part of EVs and hybrids.

A Brief History

In 1859, French scientist Gaston Planté invented the first rechargeable lead-acid battery for commercial use. This invention paved the way for many other battery technologies that are in use today, including lithium technology. The lead-acid battery itself underwent numerous improvements over the decades, but the basic chemical reaction has remained the same.

Lead Acid Batteries for the Win

Despite the advancements in battery technologies, car manufacturers resort to lead acid batteries for EVs and hybrids for 3 simple reasons:

1. Reliability and Durability

Lead acid batteries are renowned for their reliability and durability. They operate in a wide temperature range, withstand vibration, and can deliver an impressive service life when operated in conditions consistent with everyday driving. In EVs and hybrids, 12V lead acid battery power is critical as the vehicle cannot be unlocked or powered up without the 12V battery. Whether starting the vehicle in cold conditions or supporting onboard electronics during standby modes, lead acid batteries deliver steady, reliable power when required. Their proven track record in the automotive industry makes them a trusted choice for vehicle manufacturers who value consistent performance.

2. Cost-Effectiveness

One of the main advantages of lead acid batteries is their cost-effectiveness. Compared to newer battery technologies like lithium-ion, lead acid batteries are significantly less expensive to manufacture lending to their widespread use in not only automotive applications but also golf carts, UPS systems, mobility scooters, wheelchairs and many others.

The overall cost of production and ownership is a key consideration for EV and hybrid vehicle manufacturers and customers. By continuing to use lead acid batteries to power 12V systems, manufacturers can maintain performance while keeping vehicle prices more affordable for customers.

3. Recyclability

Up to 96.5% of a lead acid battery can be recycled, making them one of the most recyclable products on the planet! The recycling process for lead acid batteries is both cost-effective and efficient. When a lead acid battery reaches the end of its life, nearly all of its components can be reused to make new batteries. This minimises waste and reduces the need for raw materials contributing to a more circular economy. 

Lead Acid Batteries are Here to Stay

The low voltage 12V system is critical for EV and hybrid operation as it powers all the vehicle’s control and safety systems.  Using a 12V lead acid battery which is readily available from your local battery supplier is a convenient and cost effective solution to minimise downtime when the battery needs to be replaced.

A key contributor to lead acid battery reliability is the simplicity of its design.  While a lithium 12V battery could also be used to power the low voltage system, the added complexity of a BMS could negatively affect operations. It will shut down the battery if it is outside operating parameters (or if the BMS has an internal fault) which would directly affect the vehicle's reliability by immobilising it, and in many cases affect the ability to unlock the doors.